P:O.V. No.1 - English Summaries
  1. CAT'S CRADLE
    1. Bodil Marie Thomsen: Rewinding
    2. Zoran Petrovic: Undeciphered
    3. Søren Kolstrup: A straight line from death to resurrection
    4. Edvin Kau: The moviegoer as living dead
    5. Richard Raskin: From screenplay to final cut

  2. LA VIS
    1. Bodil Marie Thomsen: The head on the nail
    2. Zoran Petrovic: Familiar strangeness
    3. Edvin Kau: Ex-centric visual narration
    4. Søren Kolstrup: The straight line is a spiral from beginning to end
    5. Richard Raskin: Making Sense of the Ending

  3. AVONDALE DOGS
    1. Bodil Marie Thomsen: Arpeggio
    2. Zoran Petrovic: The form of memory
    3. Edvin Kau: Who sees Paul's secret?
    4. Søren Kolstrup: The straight line is divided and brought together again
    5. Richard Raskin: An interview with Gregor Nicholas


1. CAT'S CRADLE

Bodil Marie Thomsen: Rewinding
In every respect, this is a film about revivification. The revivification of the dead in the filmic medium is in fact our modern version of remembrance. As the film proceeds, the boundaries of an ongoing project - to bury the dead father and let him rest in peace - are streched to affect the way in which our western culture seems to be able to make life reversible. The four natural given elements - earth, wind, fire and water - are transcended in our ability to control time. The story is in no way a moral tale. It is morbid, humorous and loaded with visual jokes and ironies. It is also a cadeau to the filmmedium - and its ability to revive, to revise, to reverse and create new meaning in repetition - as in the children's game, Cat's Cradle.

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Zoran Petrovic: Undeciphered
Avoiding concrete answers to questions about the underlying meanings of Cat's Cradle, the author asks why those questions keep popping up. The reason seems to be the dead-pan acting, absence of dialogue and the minimum of character subjectivity. This blocks anthropomorphication, stops the usual identification and makes it almost impossible to come up with hypotheses about the story development. When this is combined with the difficulties of determining the genre, it all makes the viewer search for deeper, implicit meanings. Thus Cat's Cradle keeps our attention due to its combination of visual brilliance, narrative tactics and strategies and wide range of possible implicit meanings.

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Søren Kolstrup: A straight line from death to resurrection
Cat's Cradle is seen as a perfect example of simplification of the filmic language. Due to the total absence of language, the story is reduced to a simple linear plot in an apparently realistic setting. But the combination of incongruent realistic details (combined with the absence of language) produces a strongly ironic and absurd narration about human relations in life and death.

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Edvin Kau: The moviegoer as living dead
Cat's Cradle is a game. The girl is playing with her string. This short film is playing with the characters' efforts to get their husband and father buried. Neither play is successful. The article argues that the play of the movie is also an experiment, which takes place somewhere between reality and un-reality. In the course of this "narrative test" Cat's Cradle as a whole can be said to become a symbol. And the article tries to point out how this leap from realistic pictures to symbol, from concretion to abstraction, happens through specific details of/in the narration. This mechanism is traced through an analysis of the use of close-ups and of special sound qualities.

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Richard Raskin: From screenplay to final cut
The original screenplay contained elements which were not included in the film, because the writer/director felt they were either unnecessary or might have made the corpse less appealing in our eyes. There are also important elements in the film which did not appear in the screeplay, such as the objects placed in the corpse's hand and shots of the daughter playing "cat's cradle". These changes and the choice of the title - also added at a late point in the production process - are discussed, on the basis of information supplied by Liz Hughes. The article also takes issue with a published interpretation of the film.

2. LA VIS

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Bodil Marie Thomsen: The head on the nail
What creates the special humour in this film is the continuing visual collision of lines, movements and spaces. In every detail of each scene the emphasis on impossible movements, unintended results and visual tricks makes it clear, that the statement of this film is purely metafilmic. Its concern is not so much the statement of things in the 'real, modern world' (as in Tati) or the isolation of the anonymous individial in a Kafkaesque or a surrealistic world. It is, as this author sees it, an illustration of the conflicting forces, that always works, when someone wants to create a filmic illusion. How to make depth in a flat perspective is the translation of the transference from screw to nail. The solution, the clue, of this film is not to deny this difficulty but to demonstrate, to show it.

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Zoran Petrovic: Familiar strangeness
With its outlandish appearance and silent film technique, the opening of La Vis prepares the viewer to see a very self-conscious pastiche. But despite its oddness, all the meta-fictional references make the film seem familiar. More precisely, the inspirations seem to be the "silent" films of Jacques Tati, where the interest is centered on digressions, which show useless inventions and technology - in short the paradoxes of modern life. La Vis is also inscribed in a kafkaesque tradition, which portrays man in the labyrinths of bureaucracy. Finally, it is possible to draw a line between the laughable but endearing characters of La Vis and the East-European films of Forman, Menzel and Kusturica. All in all a hilarious mix of gags, caricature and meta-discourse.

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Edvin Kau: Ex-centric visual narration
In La vis Monsieur K discovers that every screw he has got is a non-screw; they are screws without notches. The film follows his case and his complaint to the factory. The solution turns out to be a non-solution too, and on our way through the firm's department store together with K we witness a series of product demonstrations, which are also turning everything upside down. The film itself is this total inversion. The potential of the cinematic presentation takes over completely and subverts any/every attempt to pinpoint one, simple, story behind the images and sounds of the narrative. No authoritative narrator or character to identify with can be found. This becomes clear from La vis' experimental playfulness, and it may show something about the film medium as such too: Rather than looking for one central narrative position, it seems reasonable to describe a pattern af enunciating positions, which the audience experiences in its totality, and enters into interplay with. The consequence of the article's argument is that the centre of cinematic story telling is not to be found in some pure plot or story ("behind" style and narrative). Cinema is not a central perspective medium. It is by definition an interplay of several perspectives in a pattern of "experience-explorations". La vis can be seen as a demonstration of this - with an irony that makes any so called solution a laughing matter. It is a gesture, whose centre is only to be found in the unfolding and style of its examples.

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Søren Kolstrup: The straight line is a spiral from beginning to end
La Vis is as linear as Cat's Cradle. But the linear actions of the protagonist are presented together with a strong number of small scenes and/or narratives that never interfere with the linear main line, but act as an absurd ironical background The film (in black and white) uses language in two ways, either bits of existing languages or as totally artificial language. The use of incomprehensible language reinforces the absurdity of the visible story - nothing in this film is real!

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Richard Raskin: Making Sense of the Ending
Easier to enjoy than to understand, the final minutes of La Vis raise a number of interpretive issues, especially with regard to the fact that Mr. K and the worker he gets into trouble, turn out to be doubles. After considering possible meanings the film might have in this connection, I suggest that the doubles are more a structural need of the story than a vehicle of meaning, since they: a) deliver a surprise when one is needed; b) facilitate a transference of our identification from one character to the other; and c) enable the story to double back upon itself in its moment of closure.

3. AVONDALE DOGS

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Bodil Marie Thomsen: Arpeggio
The author has chosen to put special emphasis on the pathetic and aesthetic spirit of this film. It seems evident that the turning point or the point of no return (to a childish universe) is the moment when Paul pulls the trigger. In focusing on the illustration of his visual non-mastery in the subsequent scenes, it becomes clear that the leading visual clue is decomposition. In reference to the term arpeggio, that plays a significant acoustic role in the film, the author makes a small digression in order to comment on the widespread misconception of the lacanian term, the gaze, in Metz and Mulvey. In fact, the author would argue, you could not imagine a better 'textbook example' af the split between the eye and the gaze, than this film - and that might be the reason why it is so 'moving'.

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Zoran Petrovic: The form of memory
This article traces the reasons for the great emotional impact, which Avondale Dogs has on the viewer. It does so by using Edward R. Branigans different types of character subjectivity. Exemplified by the sequence leading up to, and showing, the pigeon-shooting, it is stated that the film gradually deepens the character subjetivity, and by this passes on Pauls emotions. The analysis of the frames, dramaturgy and lack of color reveals how the whole film makes a more general impression of subjectivity and memory. Eventually it is shown how the dramaturgy, the foregounded form and the subjectivity gives an impression of determinism and by that evokes a bitter-sweet melancholy.

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Edvin Kau: Who sees Paul's secret?
Avondale Dogs is about a boy's mind. The point af departure of this analysis is what's on Paul's mind: His feeling and love in relation to a) his mother (and her imminent death), b) Glenys, the girl next door, and c) his friends. It is a kind of film that can easily provoke a discussion of subjectivity and identification with the main character. The article investigates in what ways the film gets the audience involved, and especially how it goes beyond the mechanisms of identification and even against possible tendencies of sentimentality. This is done by foregrounding how the effective use of subjective point of view is balanced against Paul's surroundings. To the audience both the boy's relations to other persons and milieu and subjectively positioned p.o.v's are placed "out there, with somebody else". The conception of identification often is exaggerated, but it is a one-sided and over-simplifying view of the matter. The moving pictures are symbols, without identification. This film's story (as well as others') is not told from or through one point or centre (Paul's), but from a whole field or network consisting of several elements and their interplay.

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Søren Kolstrup: The straight line is divided and brought together again
Avondale Dogs uses simplification in language, in plot and in degree of details. In this respect it looks more like a "normal" film. Avondale Dogs wants to be a realistic, poetic and psychological story. It is the claim of the author that the film is not able to construct psychological realism within the framework of the short film. The short film cannot build up the setting of the film in 12 minutes.

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Richard Raskin: An interview with Gregor Nicholas
Gregor Nicholas answers questions about the making of Avondale Dogs, the intended meanings of specific shots, the film's depiction of Maori culture, a director who has had an influence on his work, the feature film Gregor Nicholas has just completed, and filmmaking in New Zealand today.

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